The Effects of Providing Lavender Inhalation Therapy on Anxiety and Alleviation of Pain before Burn Dressings / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was conducted to examine the effect of aroma inhalation therapy with Lavender for burn patients during burn dressings: anxiety, pain, rate of administration of analgesia and vital signs in burn patients. @*Methods@#A quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test was used. Participants in this study were 58 burn patients who were admitted to a S city burn treatment center for burn dressing (28 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) in S city. Data were collected from July 1, to September 30, 2012. The experimental group was provided the lavender inhale therapy (repeated for five breaths) 30 minutes before burn dressing. The data were analyzed using x2 test, Fisher’s exact test and an two sample t-test with SPSS/WIN 22.0. @*Results@#There were significant differences in state anxiety (F=9.08, p=.004), diastolic blood pressure (F=6.57, p=.013), pain VAS (F=18.71, p<.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. @*Conclusion@#The findings of this study suggest that lavender inhale therapy is an effective method to reduce anxiety, diastolic blood pressure and pain during burn dressings.

Knowledge, Health Belief, and Vaccination Behavior on Hepatitis A among University Students / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the knowledge, health belief, and vaccination behavior on hepatitis A among university students. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from 3(rd) to 25(th) March, 2014 and 197 subjects were enrolled in statistical analysis. RESULTS: The result showed that the score for knowledge of the subjects on hepatitis A was 4.59±3.06 out of 15 points, for health belief 2.39±0.28 out of 4 points, and the vaccination rate of the subjects was 12.7%. There was significant difference in hepatitis A knowledge score according to experience of hepatitis A check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members, and in health belief according to gender. For hepatitis A vaccination there was significant difference according to experience of hepatitis A check-up, family history of liver disease, hepatitis A vaccination history of family members, and education history of hepatitis A. As a result of logistic regression analysis experience of hepatitis check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members were significant factors for hepatitis A vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge, health belief for hepatitis A of the subjects was low and vaccination rate also low. The experience of hepatitis A check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members were factors affecting hepatitis A vaccination. It would be necessary to develop programs for improving level of knowledge and health belief and raising the rate of hepatitis A vaccination for the university students in Korea.

Investigation for Phlebitis Development by Peripheral Venous Catheter in Burn Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to build an evidence for adjusting the guideline of our hospital for changing peripheral intravenous catheter interval from 72 hour to 96hour through the checklist based on the Hospital nursing association intravenous infusion therapy practice in burn patients who have special characteristics comparing with other patient. METHODS: From 9 July 2014 to 20 July 2014, 30 burn patients who need a peripheral intravenous catheter were enrolled. The catheter insertion site was observed 3 times a day and it was analyzed by the time passage. Phlebitis scale for Hallym medical center was used for the diagnosis of phlebitis. Phlebitis was reported from phlebitis scale grade 2. RESULTS: Peripheral catheter was removed in 10 patients (34%) for phlebitis scale grade 2. Among the patients, 8 patients had edema and 2 patients had erythema. There were only 5 patients (17%) who had maintained peripheral catheter for more than 96 hours. Most of the patients were given 5% dextrose fluid. Some patients had a high osmolar (883~1058 g) nutritional therapy during early post-burn period. CONCLUSION: In burn patient, peripheral venous catheter is usually inserted to the extremity area of which the vessel is relatively weak due to the burn wound and immobilization. And it was difficult to maintain the peripheral catheter for more than 96 hours. Because the burn patients should receive the hyperosmolar fluid and medications during the early post-burn period. Further investigation through comparing analysis should be performed for developing intravenous infusion therapy practice in burn patients

The Effects of Laughter Therapy on Anxiety and Depression of Burn Patients

PURPOSE: The study was a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental study to find out the effect of the laughter therapy on anxiety and depression of burn patients. METHODS: Study subjects were 60 hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of 2nd degree burn (30 experimental group; 30 control group). Experimental group received laughter therapy by the certificated therapist. STAI questionnaire, blood pressure and pulse were checked before and after the laughter therapy. RESULTS: Before and after the laughter implementation, the experimental group's anxiety decreased, however, the comparison group's anxiety did not show significant difference. Moreover, experimental group's anxiety decreased after the implementation. Experimental group's systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure did not decrease pre/post laughter therapy mediator. The comparison group showed that systolic blood pressure increased, and diastolic blood pressure did not show significant difference. Also, experimental group's systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure did not show significant difference after the treatment. Pre/post laughter therapy mediation did not decrease the experimental group's pulse and comparison group's pulse. Furthermore, the experimental group's pulse did not show the significant difference after the treatment. In pre/post laughter therapy mediation, the experimental group's depression was decreased, however, the comparison did not how significance difference in pre/post depression score after the treatment. Moreover, the experimental group's depression was decreased after the treatment. CONCLUSION: According the results above, the laughter therapy had effect on decreasing anxiety and depression of the burn patients and it is efficient mediator for the burn patient. Repetitive research was needed to investigate the effect of laughter on cardiovascular system since it did not have decreasing effect on the blood pressure and pulse.

A survey of foodservice satisfaction and menu preference of high school boarding students in Jeju / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the foodservice satisfaction and menu preference of 506 high school boarding students in Jeju surveyed from July 2-30, 2012 with the aim of providing basic data for improving the quality of boarding food-service management. METHODS: The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients, using the SPSS Win program (version 12.0). RESULTS: Regarding satisfaction with dormitory foodservice, the satisfaction scores for service and hygiene were 3.46 (out of 5 scales), whereas the score for menu quality was 3.26 points. In terms of satisfaction by meal, dinner showed the highest score, at 3.70 (out of 5 scales). The satisfaction scores for breakfast were significantly higher in girls (3.36) than boys (2.93). Regarding intake of meals provided, dinner showed the highest score, at 3.96 (out of 5 scales), whereas breakfast showed the lowest score, at 3.63 points. Intake of lunch and dinner was significantly higher in boys (4.12, 4.17, respectively) than girls (3.72, 3.76, respectively). Regarding the requirements of subjects for dormitory foodservice, 43.4% of subjects selected improvement of food taste and 36.6% of girls chose menu diversity. In terms of menu preferences for main dishes, the students preferred noodles (4.06) and one-dish cooked rice (3.92) to cooked rice (3.66). The subjects preferred beef rib soup (4.10) and Kimchi stew (3.99) in soups and stews. With regard to the menu preferences for side dishes, steamed foods showed the highest score, at 3.95 (out of 5 scales), whereas seasoned foods showed the lowest score, at 2.89 points. The students preferred beef, pork, and chicken to fish and vegetables. The students preferred dessert the most with fruit juices (4.52). Bread and rice cake were more favored by girls, showing significant differences between boys and girls (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Development of a systematic nutrition education program that can encourage practice of proper eating habits is needed. In addition improvement of the quality of boarding school meals through the service of various menus is needed.

Effect of Laughter Therapy on Recovery of Facial Burn Scar

PURPOSE: To compare the scar formation after laughter therapy in facial burn scar and to make facial burn rehabilitation program. METHODS: In a prospective clinical trial, laughter therapy was done in 12 facial burn injury patients. One group pretest-posttest design was done. After 8 weeks group laughter therapy session, we measured scar condition. Facial burn scar were checked. Scars were assessed with objective measurement tools such as pigmentation, erythema, pliability, transepidermal water loss, thickness and perfusion. RESULTS: Pigmentation value was decreased significantly: 211.6+/-71.9 to 177.8+/-57.1 (p0.05). Transepidermal water loss value changed from 40.7+/-15.9 g/h/m2 to 37.8+/-15.4 g/h/m2 (p>0.05). Microcirculation value was decreased significantly (0.80+/-0.05 volt to 0.43+/-0.19 volt)(p<0.05). Skin elasticity level (R0) was significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Laughter therapy in burn patients could be an alternative treatment to control burn scar contracture. In the future, more studies are needed how laughter therapy may affect the skin condition of the burn injuries.

Association between Plasma Tocopherol Levels and Related Factors in Middle-Aged Korean Men

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < 0.001). Plasma alpha-tocopherol level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, gamma-tocopherol per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma alpha-tocopherol level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while gamma-tocopherol level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma alpha-tocopherol showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of lymphocyte and plasma alpha- or gamma-tocopherol showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma alpha-tocopherol level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in lymphocyte, while the factors that affect gamma-tocopherol level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

The Attitudes of the Inhabitants of Kwangju towards the Persons with Mental Illness / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the attitudes of laypersons towards the mentally ill. METHODS: From the end of January to the beginning of February of 1999, the 709 subjects who lived in Kwangju were surveyed with a questionnaire regarding their attitude towards mental illness. RESULTS: 1) On the question requiring the subjective definitions of a person with mental illness, the subjects described a person with mental illness is a pitiful and weak person who became mentally ill due to severe stress, mental shock, or hurts in mind. And they responded on psychological and social factors more than biological or genetic ones to the question asking the causes of mental illness. 2) Positive attitudes were shown in 76.4% of the subjects on the question of awareness and attitudes towards the mentally ill, while about the possibility of their marriage and living together in the community, quite negative attitude was shown. In addition, even though the subjects considered that mental illness could be cured, they had quite negative thoughts on the treatment effects in psychiatric hospitals, especially, the attitude towards the psychiatric hospitals was very negative. On the examination by groups, the group of subjects who had never experienced mental illness replied more negatively in almost all items than the group of subjects who had direct experiences. 3) Compared with previous studies, it appeared that the overall awareness of the mentally ill was changed in a quite positive direction than the 1970s'. CONCLUSION: Even though the attitude towards the mentally ill has changed in a positive direction, many people still have negative attitudes if it is related to and affect their lives directly. To change the attitudes and to reduce the prejudice and misunderstanding against the mentally ill, it may be helpful to let people make direct contact with the mentally ill, as well as to make efforts with systematic public education or with the media based upon the facts.

Study on the preparation of the saccharification kochujang with retrogradated starch food and changes in physiochemical properties during the aging

This study was attempted to investigate changes in physiochemical properties of the preparation of saccharification kochujang with retrogradated cooked rice, bread, rice cake and sensory evaluation during 60days aging. 1. Moisture content in 4 samples were slowly increased and pH of kochujang was slowly decreased during aging. 2. Reducing sugar content were about 1.4~2 times higer than T3 and T2 at 50days of aging. 3. In no significant difference 4 samples, the level of adipic acid, citric acid, malic acid was the most and that of acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid was smaller. 4. Sensory evaluation conducted by fifteen university students as panelist showed that their were more significant difference among four samples and notable preferance for T3 over T0, T1, T2.

The Epidemiologic and Clinical Study of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Among Students at One Women's University for Recent 10 Years / 결핵

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis has decreased progressively after the control of the tuberculosis began as national control. But as diabetes, malignancy, immunodeficiency disease recently tend to be increased, the tuberculosis become to the important national health problem. So, this study was designed to observe the state and the change of the prevalence and the clinical status of pulmonary tuberculosis for recent 10 years at one women's university. METHOD: We retrospectively investigated the epidemiology and the clinical status of 612 patients who were registered at the Ewha Womans University Health Center by analyzing records from 1983 to 1992. RESULTS: 1) The prevalence rate had been steadily decreased from 0.63% in 1983 to 0.11% in 1992. The prevalence of freshman and the incidence rate according to the entrance year while in the university significantly decreased since 1989. 2) In classifying by registered source, 45.6% of students were detected by annual periodical health examination, 34.5% by entrance physical examination, 12.0% by hospital, 5.4% by health center clinic, 2.5% by reentrance physical examination, sequentially. 3) The students with past history of tuberculosis were 70(11.4%) and 61(10%) suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients with family history of tuberculosis were 142(23.3%). 4) There were 530(86.6%) with minimal disease, 79(12.9%) with moderate and only 3(0.5%) with far advanced, when classified by the severity of disease. 5) The initial symptoms were mild breathing difficulty in 30.1%, sweating in 14.9%, fatigue in 14.3%, febrile sense in 11.7%, hemoptysis in 8.2%, sequentially. 6) The duration of treatment was 10.6+/-3.6 months in mild group, 14.9+/-5.2 months in the moderate group(P<0.05). 7) The side reactions of the drug were GI trouble in 7.2%, hepatitis in 1.8%, skin rash in 0.8% and streptomycin side in used patients in 9.1%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the students in one women's university was significantly lower than that of university students and 20-24 year-old age group announced in tuberculosis survey on a national scale, and significantly decreased since 1989. The treatment effect was desirable in student's group managed by university health center.

Evaluation of Pattern-Reversal Retinal Potentials in Normal Groups

Pattern-reversal retinal potentials(PRRP) are electrical signals generated within retina, possibly by the retinal ganglion cells, when a phase-alternating check board pattern is viewed. Authors clinically studied the characteristics of PRRP the mean amplitude and latency with 24 minute checks, the effect of the spatial frequency, the effect of defocusing and the retinocortical time in 20 normals, using Nicolet CA 1,000. The results are as follows; 1. The mean latency P1 and the mean P1-N2 amplitude of PRRP in normal group was 39.19 +/- 3.30(msec), 1.32 +/- 0.22(uV), respectively. 2. The mean retinocortical time in normal group was 52.93 +/- 7.39(msec). 3. The P1-N2 amplitude of PRRP was reduced linearly with increasing defocusing, and significant amplitude reduction was observed when defocusing amounted to +1D. 4. When central 3 degree of stimulus was covered in order to simulate a macular pathology, PRRP to 24 minute checks was abnormal both in amplitude and latency. 5. Peak response amplitude of PRRP was obtained with large checksizes(3 degrees 12 minutes, 6 degrees 24 minutes).

A Study on the Acquired Color Vision Deficit in Diabetes Mellitus

Authors studied the acquired color vision deficit in diabetic patients. Two color vision test, Hahn's 15 hue test and City University Color Vision test(CUCV test), were applied to assess the color vision in 25 diabetic patients and 20 controls. Diabetic patients had significantly more color vision defect(59.2%) than controls on two color vision tests. The type of acquired color vision deficit in diabetic patients was tritan axis. The frequency of acquired color vision defect in diabetic patients was significantly higher in group with diabetic retinopathy than without diabetic retinopathy. In comparison between two color vision test, Hahn's 15 hue test was more sensitive than CUCV test was useful to evaluate the type of color deficit. Diabetic group treated with laser photocoagulation had the moderate or severe color vision defect, with tritan axis.

A Case of Choroiditis Associated with IgA Nephropathy

The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is unknown, but the systemic character of the IgA deposits (skin and glomerular capillaries), the presence of circulating IgG and IgA complexes and its similarity to Henoch-Schonlein purpura suggest that it is an immune-complex mediated disease. The nature and source of the antigen are unknown. Anatomically, the extremely vascular uvea offers a favorable site for the interplay of various components of immune reaction. We have experienced a 21-year old male who had a choroiditis and IgA nephropathy and had suffered the Henoch-Schonlein purpura when he was 16-years old. We performed the choroidal aspiration and scleral buckling, but steroid and other specific therapy were not given. In the course of follow-up check, the choroidal lesion and hematuria were progressively subsided. In conclusion, we report that the choroiditis is manifested as a part of immunecomplex mediated disease associated with IgA nephropathy.